The USA's early Pledge of Allegiance (to the flag) was the origin of the salute of the monstrous National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis), as shown by the historian Dr. Rex Curry. http://rexcurry.net/pledge-lawyer.html The early Pledge (written in 1892) used a straight-arm salute and it was later copied by others. http://rexcurry.net/pledgesalute.html 

Building from the USA's pledge of allegiance, the raised-arm salute was used in fictional Roman scenes in these films: the American "Ben-Hur" (1907), the Italian "Nerone" (1908), "Spartaco" (1914), and "Cabiria" (1914).  Those scenes helped lead to the "Roman salute" myth.  The Roman myth is still repeated in modern efforts to cover-up Dr. Curry's discoveries about the Pledge's poisonous pedigree.

The self-styled Italian "Consul" Gabriele D 'Annunzio had worked with Giovanni Pastrone in his colossal epic Cabiria (1914).  In imitation of such films, D'Annunzio  borrowed the salute as a propaganda tool for his political ambitions upon his occupation of Fiume in 1919. Annoyed that Italy had lost the town of Fiume, D´Annunzio´s troops occupied the town and he ruled it for eighteen months until 1920. He declared war against Italy but was finally forced to retreat.

Benito Mussolini worked with D'Annunzio and was much influenced by him. Mussolini was aware of D'Annunzio's Charter of Carnaro for his Regency of Carnaro in the city of Fiume. Mussolini was familiar with films and with D'Annunzio's work in the film Cabiria. From 1914 to 1919 (and before), and during the time that Mussolini found and acquired the socialist salute, Mussolini (1883-1945) was a self-described socialist, a well-known socialist leader who was respected among socialists at that time (that time when he found his socialist salute). Between 1912 and 1914, Mussolini was the editor of the Socialist Party newspaper, "L'Avanti."  In 1914 he started his own socialist newspaper "Il Popolo d'Italia" ("The people of Italy"). He was a staunch proponent of revolutionary rather than reformist socialism, and actually received Lenin's endorsement and support for expelling reformists from the Socialist Party.  He was in fact first dubbed "Il Duce" (the Leader) when he was a member of Italy's (Marxist) Socialist Party. 

Eventually, Mussolini used a supplemental term for his tired old socialist dogma. When Mussolini began to use forms of the term "fascis" in his politics, the idea of "Roman" propaganda was far from his mind. The term "fascio" was used with the meaning of “union” or "league" as his political movement was meant to be a "union" of political leaders joining together for political goals. It is similar to the word "fasten" in meaning binding or joining together. By coincidence it paralleled Hitler's supplementation of the "German Workers' Party" with the words "National" and "Socialist" for the National Socialist German Workers' Party, and Hitler's alteration of the swastika/hakenkreuz to symbolized joined "S" letters for "socialists" joining together in the new party. The new label for the old dogma worked and from 1922 to 1945 (23 years) Mussolini ruled Italy. The earliest listing under "Fascism" in the Oxford English Dictionary is a 1921 reference to the publication 19th Cent. (July 148): The Fascismo was born in the provinces, where the extremistic menace was stronger.  

In late 1937, Mussolini visited Germany and pledged himself to support the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.  In 1938, he introduced his ‘reform of customs.’  Hand-shaking was suddenly banned as unhygienic: a salute was to be used instead - the right forearm raised vertically. He imposed a new march on the Italian Army which was simply the goose-step of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.  According to the book  "A Concise History of Italy" by Christopher Duggan, these reforms were introduced mainly to underline ideological kinship with the National Socialist German Workers’ Party and to impress it’s leader. The so-called "Roman salute" (saluto romano) is as much of a fiction as is the so-called "Roman step" (passo romano) as is the idea that the National Socialist German Workers’ Party emulated Mussolini and not vice versa. 

1. Dr. Rex Curry showed that the USA's early Pledge of Allegiance (to the flag) used a straight-arm salute and it was the origin of the salute of the monstrous National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis). Dr. Curry helped to establish that it was not an ancient Roman salute, and that the "ancient Roman salute" is a myth. http://rexcurry.net/pledgesalute.html  The myth is still repeated in modern efforts to cover-up Dr. Curry's discoveries about the Pledge's poisonous pedigree.

2. The original Pledge began with a military salute that then stretched out toward the flag. Historic photographs are at http://rexcurry.net/pledge2.html and at http://rexcurry.net/pledge_military.html   In actual use, the second part of the gesture was performed with a straight arm and palm down by children extending the military salute while perfunctorily performing the forced ritual chanting.  Professor Curry showed that, due to the way that both gestures were used sequentially in the pledge, the military salute led to the Nazi salute. The Nazi salute is an extended military salute via the pledge. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-pledge.html

3. Francis Bellamy (author of the "Pledge of Allegiance") and Edward Bellamy (author of the novel "Looking Backward") and Charles Bellamy (author of "A Moment of Madness") and Frederick Bellamy (who introduced Edward to socialistic "Fourierism") were socialists.  Edward, Charles and Frederick were brothers, and Francis was their cousin. Francis and Edward were both self-proclaimed National Socialists and they supported the "Nationalism" movement in the USA, the "Nationalist" magazine, and the "Nationalist Educational Association." They wanted all of society to ape the military and they touted "military socialism" and the "industrial army."  Edward’s book was an international bestseller, translated into every major language (including German) and he inspired the "Nationalist Party" (in the USA) and their dogma influenced socialists worldwide (including Germany) via “Nationalist Clubs.” http://rexcurry.net/bellamy-edward-german-connections.html The Pledge was the origin of the Nazi salute. "Nazi" means "National Socialist German Workers' Party." A mnemonic device is the swastika. Although the swastika was an ancient symbol, Professor Curry discovered that it was also used sometimes by German National Socialists to represent "S" letters for their "socialism."  Curry changed the way that people view the symbol of the horrid National Socialist German Workers' Party. Hitler altered his own signature to use the same stylized "S" letter for "socialist" and similar alphabetic symbolism still shows on Volkswagens. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

Many Bellamy policies were followed in the USA and still are followed in the USA and they helped to cause the USA’s big, expensive and oppressive government.

The government in the USA and the government schools hide those facts from people in the USA and from people in other countries.

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Although Mussolini was much influenced by D'Annunzio, the D'Annunzio never held an important post in Mussolini's government. D'Annunzio died of a stroke at his desk on March 1, 1938. He was given a state funeral by Mussolini. D´Annunzio´s collected works were published in the 1950s. His correspondence with Mussolini appeared in 1971.

As a poet D'Annuncio (1863-1938) made his debut at the age of sixteen with PRIMO VERE (1879). The poems were inspired by Giosuè Carducci's Odi barbare [The Barbarian Odes] (1877)  In 1897 D'Annunzio was elected to parliament for a three-year term. Accumulating debts forced D´Annunzio to flee to France in 1910.

When World War I broke out, D'Annunzio returned to Italy and started successful career as a military leader. He made speeches, wrote articles exhorting his countrymen to assist the Allied cause, and joined the air force, becoming one of Italy's most celebrated heroes.

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UNDER CONSTRUCTION

(The Barbarian Odes contains the phrase "in sight of the three colors. Rezia, salute! of free fathers daughter and to new glories freer!  It is beautiful to the beautiful sun]

and the Saluto D’Autunno [Autumn salute]

and SALUTO ITALICO

COURMAYEUR Conca in vivo smeraldo tra foschi passaggi dischiusa,
o pia Courmayeur, ti saluto.
Te da la gran Giurassa da l'ardüa Grivola bella
il sole piú amabile arride.

SALUTO D'AUTUNNO
Pe' verdi colli, da' cieli splendidi,
e ne' fiorenti campi de l'anima,
Delia, a voi tutto è una festa
4 di primavera: lungi le tombe!

(a better English translation Odi barbare was done by William Fletcher).